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Q: Adding Depakote with Lamictal?
I have received five years of exellent ongoing psychiatric treatment
for bipolar 2 at UCLA. I am "high- functioning," treatment compliant and have
great support from long-term partner, friends, self-help groups, and
psychotherapy (interpersonal and CBT). I also work at a research center on
managed care for psychiatric disorders, and use University library and
internet...
Question: originally on depakote but discontinued for frequent diarrhea due to
IBS, since my (2d) hospitalization at UCLA in 2001 for bipolar depression, I was
treated initially with lithium +lamotrigine and low-dose celexa for added
depression management +klonopin for sleep regulation. I was taken off Lithium
six months later after developing severe body tremor, and am now on lamictal at
250mg bid. Problem now is persistent hypomania, and my outpatient psychs
(resident-in-training and attending) are suggesting 2d mood stabilizer would be
better long term than klonopin. choices they present are one of atypical
antipsychs, and i am really concerned about 1) weight gain as i have long had
cyclical periods of weight gain and loss of 20 lbs from usual 160-65. also
chances of akathisia EPS etc etc since long-term data isn't there.
so with that lengthy preamble, my ? what are risks of adding depakote back in at
this point instead of antipsychs. other than diarrhea which i could tolerate
though didn't want to when i went off, and weight gain i think now i can
regulate with recommended exercise and good diet no alcohol or caffeine. have
you had experience with adding depakote with lamictal as main stabilizer (works
really well for depression especially since recently increasing from 200
to 250 twice a day)?
thanks sorry for long short history.
tom
Dear Tom --
Good history, clear question. I have had good luck combining Depakote with
lamotrigine, and the more I use the latter, the more often I run across people
who get the antidepressant benefit you describe, without enough
anti-manic benefit, just as in your case.
So, what choices? You've probably heard people consider Seroquel,
considerably less weight-problematic than Zyprexa, but still that's an issue. I
guess there are two reasons to really brainstorm re: other possible approaches,
then compare the relative risk/benefit ratios, before trying Depakote: the first
reason is your past experience of diarrhea; the second is the interaction
between the two medications, which I'm sure you're well aware of now. It's a bit
of guesswork to figure out how much you'd have to lower the lamotrigine in order
to end up with the same blood level after adding Depakote.
There is a blood test for lamotrigine level, which I haven't even used yet as
usually there's little reason to do so, but this situation in your case would be
a great time to use it, particularly since your current lamotrigine dose is a
bit on the high side versus usual dosing, so you'd want to know just how high
the level had to be, not guess by the dose you're taking. (Usually it's
said that Depakote roughly doubles lamotrigine levels, but I saw one other
source say that "it depends", and can vary widely just how much lamotrigine
increase a given person gets from Depakote, that it depends on their particular
set of liver enzymes (those cytochome P-450 enzymes you've heard about)).
This is a bit of a circular ramble but you'll see where this is going... The
blood level of lamotrigine in response to Depakote just adds that extra bit of
complication; especially if you were to get on the Depakote and decide it wasn't
worth it, overall; then there's another tricky moment as you go back to
lamotrigine without Depakote. For that, there is a really cool graph from
the company that shows just when to raise your lamotrigine as Depakote is
tapered down. Your doc's can get it from GSK; I'm not sure if they'd like it for
me to publish it. If they have trouble getting it tell 'em to contact me
(jimp@psycheducation.org).
So, wanting therefore to look at any other possibility before committing to
Depakote (not to choose it, just to compare risk/benefit), what else to
consider? There's always carbamazepine, although then you get to run the whole
blood-level puzzle backwards (as you know, carbamazepine would lower your
lamotrigine; easier problem to solve going onto carbamazepine, trickier coming
off as it takes several weeks for that shift to settle out to a new steady state
during which time you'd have to keep lowering the lamotrigine).
Geez, is there anything easier? Well, yes, almost all the other options I can
think of -- but they're all atypicals, as you've probably already figured out (I
suppose we could invoke the more rarely used crowd, like zonisamide, but there's
too little experience with that group). And as you've also probably figured out,
the ones with the most reliable antimanic-but-nothing-else, i.e.
won't-also-induce-manic-symptoms atypicals are the most weight-problematic (in
my experience, that's Zyprexa followed by Seroquel, followed at some distance by
risperidone -- where the latter is much less weight-problematic but has less
reliable antimanic "purity" if you will; and everyone else has even less (Geodon,
and last and probably least "pure", Abilify. That rank-ordering is not a
research-based ranking, mind you, just my experience with them. For
completeness, the list actually starts with clozapine...).
Believe it or not, I started this ramble with the intent of gently endorsing
the idea of Depakote. Despite the complexity of the shift, including the shift
back to where you are now if necessary because diarrhea is again limiting, the
combo' is a good one. Note that Depakote comes in 250's now in the ER
version -- which could be either less or even more problematic for diarrhea --
and also in a 125 mg "sprinkles" which also is very slow release, so you could
experiment with "dialing in" the dose to the optimal using them. According to
that GSK graph I alluded to, once you go past 500 mg of Depakote, the effect on
lamotrigine levels is pretty flat: i.e. when you move Depakote up, above that
point, you won't influence lamotrigine levels much when you change Depakote
doses (but that's my interpretation of the graph; you'll want to check that
interpretation with your doctors).
Good luck with the leap.
Dr. Phelps
Published July, 2004
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